| Advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) | An ADAS is a vehicle control system that uses environment sensors (e.g. radar, laser, vision) to improve driving comfort and traffic safety by assisting the driver in recognizing and reacting to potentially dangerous traffic situations. (Shaout et al., 2011) |
| Automated truck (Atruck) | Atrucks are fully automated trucks with level 4 or 5 automation (see automation levels). (SAE International, 2016) |
| (Fully) Automated vehicle (AV) | AVs are fully automated vehicles using level 5 automated driving systems (see automation levels). (SAE International, 2016) |
| Autonomous intersection management (AIM) | AIM is a new intersection control protocol that exploits autonomous vehicles’ capabilities of control, sensing, and communication to make traffic management at intersections much more efficient than traditional control mechanisms such as traffic signals and stop signs. (Stone et al., 2016) |
| Connected and (fully) automated vehicle (CAV) | CAVs are fully automated vehicles with communication technologies. (SAE International, 2016) |
| Connected vehicle (CV) | Vehicles connected with safe, inter-operable networked wireless communications among vehicles, the infrastructure, and passengers’ personal communications devices. (USDOT, 2018 (1)) |
| Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) | CACC is an optional cruise control system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead, by using information gathered from fixed infrastructure such as satellites and roadside beacons, or mobile infrastructure such as reflectors or transmitters on the back of other vehicles. (Van Arem et al., 2006) |
| Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) | DSRC is a wireless communication technology designed to allow automobiles in the intelligent transportation system to communicate with other automobiles or infrastructure technology. (Rouse, 2017) |
| Dynamic ride sharing (DRS) | DRS is a form of ride sharing in which people hail a vehicle using their smartphones and they are grouped with a carpool of strangers whose destinations are located on or near a common path. (Gurumurthy and Kockelman, 2018) |
| Electric vehicle (EV) | An EV is a plug-in electric automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy typically stored in rechargeable batteries. (Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, nd) |
| Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) | The FHWA is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation. (Official website) |
| Human-driven vehicle (HV) | HVs are vehicles in which the driver performs all operating tasks like steering, braking, accelerating or slowing down. They use level 0 automation (see automation levels). (USDOT, 2018 (2)) |
| Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) | HEVs are powered by an internal combustion engine in combination with one or more electric motors that use energy stored in batteries. (U.S. Department of Energy, 2018) |
| Mobility as a service (MaaS) | MaaS is the integration of various forms of transport services into a single mobility service accessible on demand. (MaaS Alliance, 2018) |
| National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) | The NHTSA is an agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government, part of the Department of Transportation. Its mission is “Save lives, prevent injuries, reduce vehicle-related crashes.” (Official website) |
| Shared (fully) automated vehicle (SAV) | SAVs are autonomous vehicles used operate as short-term vehicle rentals. (International Transport Forum, 2017) |
| Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) | TxDOT is a government agency in the U.S. state of Texas. The public face of the agency is generally associated with the construction and maintenance of the state’s immense state highway system, the agency is also responsible for overseeing aviation, rail, and public transportation systems in Texas. (Official website) |
| United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) | USDOT is a federal cabinet department of the U.S. government concerned with transportation. (Official website) |
| Value of travel time (VOTT) | The VOTT refers to the cost of time spent on transport. It includes costs to businesses of the time their employees and vehicles spend on travel, and costs to consumers of personal (unpaid) time spent on travel. (Litman, 2009) |
| Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) | V2I is a communication model that allows vehicles to share information with the components that support a country’s highway system. Such components include overhead radio frequency identification readers and cameras, traffic lights, lane markers, streetlights, signage and parking meters. (Dragonette, 2018) |
| Vehicle to pedestrians (V2P) | V2P is a communication technology which encompasses a broad set of road users including people walking, children being pushed in strollers, people using wheelchairs or other mobility devices, passengers embarking and disembarking buses and trains, and people riding bicycles. (Dragonette, 2018) |
| Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) | V2V is an automobile technology designed to allow automobiles to communicate with each other. (Dragonette, 2018) |
| Vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) | VMT measures the amount of travel for all vehicles in a geographic region over a given period of time, typically a one-year period. It is calculated as the sum of the number of miles traveled by each vehicle. (Williams et al., 2016) |
| Willingness to pay (WTP) | WTP is the maximum price at or below which a consumer will definitely buy one unit of a product. (Market Business News, 2018) |
